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Friday, 4 July 2014
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Tuesday, 24 June 2014
Health, - [ Hipertention, Diabetic foot syndrome ]
[PDF] The risk of acute coronary syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis in
relation to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and the risk in the
general population: a national cohort study
L Ljung, J Askling, S Rantapää-Dahlqvist, L Jacobsson - Arthritis
Research & ..., 2014
... surgery includes knee prosthesis, hip prosthesis, shoulder
prosthesis, foot surgery and ... several
possible confounders; cardiovascular risk factors as diagnosed
hypertension, diabetes mellitus
and ... available, allowing further adjustments for lipid lowering,
anti-diabetic and anti ...
First-line bevacizumab and capecitabine-oxaliplatin in elderly
patients with mCRC: GEMCAD phase II BECOX study
J Feliu, A Salud, MJ Safont, C García-Girón, J Aparicio... - British
Journal of Cancer, 2014
... in Table 1. Prior or current comorbidities at baseline included
hypertension (47%), diabetes
(24%), atrial ... patients (16%) had their dose of bevacizumab delayed
because of hypertension
(n=2 ... events (34 doses; 30%), diarrhoea (33 doses; 30%) and
hand-foot syndrome (9 doses ...
[PDF] The Role of Iron in the Skin & Cutaneous Wound Healing
JA Wright, T Richards, SK Srai - Name: Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2014
... have found an association between diabetic foot ulceration (DFU)
severity and haemoglobin ... from
mild cutaneous disorder to a life-threatening systemic illness (SLE).
... Venous hypertension
(characterised by abnormally leaky venous valve) leads to
extravasation of erythrocytes ...
[HTML] Venous dermatitis associated with obsessive compulsive
disorder: A case report
R Verma, S Mina, S Goyal, K Jakhar - Egyptian Dermatology Online Journal, 2014
... venous insufficiency [5]. It is seen in heart failure, obesity,
varicose veins, diabetes, clots in ... phlebitic
syndrome [5]. The common mechanism causing venous stasis is venous
hypertension due to ...
in both the lower limbs predominantly around the ankles involving the
feet (Figure 1 ...
BICYCLIC ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF
DW Barnes, GR Bebernitz, K Clairmont, SL Cohen... - US Patent 20,140,171,363, 2014
... dependent diabetes mellitus, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes,
diabetic complications, body ...
dependent diabetes mellitus, Type II diabetes, or Type I diabetes. ...
the metabolic syndrome is
dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension,
microalbuminemia, hyperuricaemia ...
Revisit Frequency and Its Association with Quality of Care among
Diabetic Patients: Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes
(TRIAD)
K Asao, LN McEwen, JC Crosson, B Waitzfelder... - Journal of Diabetes
and its ..., 2014
... treatment modality, body mass index (BMI), presence or absence of
diabetic microvascular and ...
We used the quality of care measures endorsed by the Diabetes Quality
Improvement ... lipoprotein
cholesterol (LDL-c), and proteinuria, dilated retinal and foot
examinations, aspirin ...
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow
ED Michelakis - Circulation Research, 2014
... findings that described pulmonary arterial sclerosis (likely
idiopathic pulmonary arterial
hypertension) had been ... in the compendium review our current
understanding of the clinical
syndrome and our ... She recently started having fluid retention in
her feet and experienced an ...
[PDF] Measuring quality of life of old type 2 diabetic patients in
primary care in Portugal: a cross-sectional study
F Prazeres, D Figueiredo - Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 2014
... 17 (20.5) Comorbidities Hypertension 76 (91.6) Osteoarthritis 37
(44.6) Cardiac disease 29 (34.9)
Respiratory disease 20 (24.1) Psychopathology 15 (18.1) ... 9. Wändell
PE, Tovi J: The quality of
life of elderly diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications 2000,
14(1):25-30. 10. ...
[HTML] Fatal skin and soft tissue infection of multidrug resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii: A case report
A Ali, J Botha, R Tiruvoipati - International Journal of Surgery Case
Reports, 2014
... abuse and hepatitis C infection with the complications of portal
hypertension and oesophageal ...
evidence of necrotizing fasciitis and no evidence of compartment
syndrome in the ... This occurs
mostly in immunocompromised patients with hepatic disease, diabetes
mellitus, chronic ...
[HTML] Factors that influence healing of chronic venous leg ulcers: a
retrospective cohort
MF Scotton, HA Miot, LPF Abbade - Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 2014
... the heterogeneity in diagnostic methods and epidemiological
characteristics of the sample and
depending on whether foot ulcers are ... factors did not interfere
significantly with healing, including
age, ulcer area at baseline, diabetes mellitus, hypertension,
post-thrombotic ...
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Monday, 23 June 2014
Dought & clear, - Should he send blessings on the Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be uponhim) when he is repeating the adhaan?
rasool Allah", I repeated what he said and sent blessings on the
prophet, peace be upon him. Some brother told me that what I added is
bid'a (innovation), is this correct? What is the evidence?
I sent blessings on the prophet, peace be upon him, because I heard a
hadeeth that means "stingy he is who does not send blessings on me
whenever I am mentioned before him" what is the ruling sheikh? Please
provide me with an answer, is what I said bid'a?.
Praise be to Allaah.
What is required in the case of dhikrs and du'aa's that are prescribed
for specific situations is to adhere to what is narrated in the
Qur'aan and Sunnah, without adding or subtracting anything.
Al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) said inFath
al-Baari(11/112):
The wording of dhikrs is tawqeefi (i.e., acts of worship which must be
done as prescribed in the texts with no room for ijtihaad), and they
have special characteristics that cannot be subject to analogy. So one
must adhere to the wording as it was narrated. End quote.
The evidence for this principle is the fact that the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) taught al-Bara' ibn 'Aazib (may
Allaah be pleased with him) to adhere to the wording without changing
it. That was when he taught him the du'aa' to say when he wanted to
sleep. He said to him:
"When you go to your bed, do wudoo' as for prayer, then lie down on
your right side and say:
Allaahumma aslamtu wajhi ilayka wa fawwadtu amri ilayka wa alja'tu
zahri ilayka raghbatan wa rahbatan ilayka, la malja'a wa laa manjaa
minka illa ilayka. Allaahumma aamantu bi kitaabika alladhi anzalta wa
nabiyyika alladhi arsalta(O Allaah I submit my face to You, and I
entrust my affairs to You, and I rely totally on You in hope and in
fear of You. Verily there is no refuge nor safe haven from You except
with You. O Allaah, I believe in Your Book which You have revealed and
in Your Prophet whom You have sent).
Then if you die during the night, you will have died following the
fitrah (sound nature of man). Make these the last words that you
speak."
He said: I repeated it back to the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him), and when I reached the words. "Allaahumma aamantu
bi kitaabika allaahi anzalta(O Allaah, I believe in Your Book which
You have revealed)," I said: "Wa rasoolika(And Your Messenger)." He
said: "No.Wa nabiyyika alladhi arsalta(and Your Prophet whom You
sent)."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 224; Muslim, 2710.
The practice of the salaf with regard to matters of Sunnah and bid'ah
was always to err on the side of caution and to adhere to the narrated
Sunnah for fear of falling into bid'ah.
Ibn Mas'ood (may Allaah be pleased with him) said:
"Moderation in applying Sunnah is better than striving hard in
following bid'ah." End quote. Narrated by al-Tabaraani inal-Mu'jam
al-Kabeer(10/208).
Hence some of the Sahaabah denounced the one who added to that which
is prescribed. It was narrated from Naafi' that a man sneezed beside
Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with them) and said "Al-hamdu Lillaah
wa'l-salaam 'ala Rasool-Allaah(Praise be to Allaah and peace be upon
the Messenger of Allaah)."
Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: "And I say, 'Al-hamdu
Lillaah wa'l-salaam 'ala Rasool-Allaah (Praise be to Allaah and peace
be upon the Messenger of Allaah)' - but this is not what the Messenger
of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) taught us. He
taught us to say: 'Al-hamdu Lillaahi 'ala kulli haal(Praise be to
Allaah in all situations).'"
Narrated by al-Tirmidhi (2738) and classed as saheeh by al-Albaani
inSaheeh al-Tirmidhi.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to teach
them dhikrs with certain wordings, and he was keen for them to
memorize them as Allaah had revealed them to him, just as he taught
them soorahs from the Qur'aan, so that they might attain their
blessing and virtue before Allaah.
Ibn Mas'ood (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of
Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) taught me the
tashahhud, holding my hand between his, just as he taught me soorahs
from the Qur'aan. Narrated by al-Bukhaari (6265).
That also includes what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) taught us about responding to the muezzin. Several ahaadeeth
have been narrated concerning that, all of which indicate that it is
obligatory to limit ourselves to repeating the words of the
muezzin,Ashhadu an laa ilaaha ill-Allaah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan
rasool Allaah(I bear witness that there is no god but Allaah and I
bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah), without adding
or subtracting anything.
It was narrated from Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri (may Allaah be pleased with
him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) said: "When you hear the call to prayer, say what the
muezzin says."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari (611) and Muslim (383).
It was narrated from 'Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may Allaah be pleased with
him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) said: "If the muezzin says, 'Allaahu akbar, Allaahu
akbar(Allaah is most great, Allaah is most great),' and one of you
says, 'Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar(Allaah is most great, Allaah is
most great)'; then he says, 'Ashhadu an laa ilaaha ill-Allaah(I bear
witness that there is no god except Allaah),' and you say, 'Ashhadu an
laa ilaaha ill-Allaah(I bear witness that there is no god except
Allaah)'; then he says, 'Ashhadu anna Muhammadan rasool-Allaah(I bear
witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah),' and you say,
'Ashhadu anna Muhammadan rasool-Allaah(I bear witness that Muhammad is
the Messenger of Allaah)'; then he says, 'Hayya 'ala'l-salaah(Come to
prayer),' and you say, 'La hawla wa laa quwwata illa Billaah(There is
no power and no strength except with Allaah)'; then he says, 'Hayya
'ala'l-falaah(Come to prosperity),' and you say, 'Laa hawla wa laa
quwwata illa Billaah(There is no power and no strength except with
Allaah)'; then he says, 'Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar(Allaah is most
great, Allaah is most great),' and you say, 'Allaahu akbar, Allaahu
akbar(Allaah is most great, Allaah is most great)'; then he says, 'Laa
ilaaha ill-Allaah(There is no god but Allaah),' and one of you says,
'Laa ilaaha ill-Allaah(There is no god but Allaah),' from the heart,
he will enter Paradise."
Narrated by Muslim (385).
Think about it: how the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) explained in detail when he taught us how to respond to the
muezzin, which shows you how necessary it is to adhere to what he has
taught us, without adding or subtracting anything, otherwise what is
the point of all this explaining and teaching?
The Sahaabah understood the aim of the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him), and they used to adhere to what he taught them,
and they did not suggest or add any extra phrases.
Al-Bayhaqi narrated inal-Sunan al-Kubra(1/409) with a saheeh isnaad
from 'Eesa ibn Talhah that he said: We entered upon Mu'awiyah and the
caller gave the call for prayer. He said:Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar,
and Mu'aawiyah said;Allaah akbar, Allaahu akbar. He said:Ashhadu an
laa ilaaha ill-Allaah, and Mu'aawiyah said:Wa ana ashhadu an laa
ilaaha ill-Allaah(And I also bear witness that there is no god but
Allaah), he said:Ashhadu anna Muhammadan rasool Allaah, and Mu'aawiyah
said,Wa ana ashhadu anna Muhammadan rasool Allaah(and I also bear
witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah). Yahya said: A
companion of ours narrated that when he (the muezzin) saidHayya 'ala
al-salaah, he said:Laa hawla was laa quwwata illa Billaah(there is no
power and no strength except with Allaah), then he said: This is what
we heard your Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say.
Thus it is clear that you should not add the salawaat (blessings) on
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) when repeating
after the muezzin, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him) did not teach us to do that, and neither did his
Companions, and it is not known that any of them added anything when
he repeated after the muezzin.
Every Muslim believes that sending blessings upon the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is one of the noblest acts of
worship and obedience, but the dhikrs have situations for which they
are prescribed, and we should not transgress those limits or add to
them. Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) stated inJala'
al-Afhaam(327-445) all the situations in which it is prescribed to
send blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him), including: the tashahhud, at the end of Qunoot, during the
funeral prayer, and in the khutbah when saying du'aa'. During the
adhaan is not among them, rather after the muezzin finishes, one
should send blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him).
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said inJala' al-Afhaam(1/424):
Sending blessings upon the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him), although it is one of the best and most beloved
of deeds to Allaah, every dhikr has its own place and time, where no
other can take its place. They said: hence it is not prescribed to
send blessings upon him when bowing or prostrating or standing up
straight after bowing. End quote.
Yes, there are ahaadeeth which strongly encourage sending blessings
upon the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), for
example:
It was narrated from Husayn ibn 'Ali ibn Abi Taalib that the Messenger
of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The miser
is the one in whose presence I am mentioned and he does not send
blessings upon me." Narrated by al-Tirmidhi (3546) and classed as
saheeh by al-Albaani inIrwa' al-Ghaleel(1/35).
It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allaah (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "May his nose be rubbed in
the dust, the one in whose presence I am mentioned and he does not
send blessings upon me." Narrated by al-Tirmidhi (3545) and classed as
saheeh by al-Albaani inSaheeh al-Tirmidhi.
But the scholars explained the meanings of these ahaadeeth.
Al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) said inFath
al-Baari(11/168-169):
Those who said that it is obligatory to send blessings upon him every
time he is mentioned based their view on the ahaadeeth quoted, because
the prayer for their noses to be rubbed in the dust and describing
them as misers imply a warning, and the warning for omitting something
indicates that it is obligatory.
Those who did not regard it as obligatory responded in several ways,
such as noting that it is an opinion which is not known from any of
the Sahaabah or Taabi'een, so it is a fabricated view, and if that
were understood in general terms, it would be obligatory for the
muezzin when he gives the adhaan, and the one who hears him, and the
reader when he comes across a mention of him in the Qur'aan, and it
would be required of the person who enters Islam, when he recites the
Shahaadatayn, but that would entail a lot of hardship and difficulty
which is contrary to Islam. And praising Allaah whenever He is
mentioned would be more deserving of being obligatory, but they did
not say that. Al-Qadoori and other Hanafis stated that the view that
it is obligatory to send blessings upon the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) every time he is mentioned is
contrary to the scholarly consensus that was present before this view
was formed, because it is not narrated from any of the Sahaabah that
they addressed the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
by saying "O Messenger of Allaah, may Allaah send blessings upon you,"
and because if that were the case, the listener would never be free to
do any other acts of worship.
They responded to what may be understood from the ahaadeeth by noting
that they are only confirming the importance of sending blessings upon
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and
emphasizing it, and it is addressed to the one who habitually does not
send blessings on him (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) at
all. End quote.
So all of the ahaadeeth that were narrated concerning this topic refer
to the places prescribed in sharee'ah, or gatherings in which the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is mentioned in
general terms; they do not mean that blessings should be sent on the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) when he is
mentioned in the Shahaadatayn.
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said inJala'
al-Afhaam(1/393-394), when quoting the points in which he refuted the
view of those who said it is obligatory to send blessings upon the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) every time his
name is mentioned:
1 - It is well known, beyond a doubt, that the righteous salaf who are
our example did not mention the salawaat every time the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was mentioned. This happened
innumerable times when they addressed him. They used to say: "O
Messenger of Allaah," and they limited it to that. One of them may
have said "May Allaah send blessings upon you", and this is very clear
in many ahaadeeth. If sending blessings upon him had been obligatory
when he was mentioned, he would have rebuked them for not doing it.
2 - If it were obligatory to send blessings upon him every time he is
mentioned, this would have been one of the most obvious obligations
and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) would have
explained it to his ummah in such a way that they would have no excuse
and proof would be established.
3 - This view is not known from any of the Sahaabah, Taabi'een or
those who came after them.
4 - If it were obligatory to send blessings upon him every time he is
mentioned, then it would be obligatory for the muezzin to say:Ashhadu
anna Muhammadan Rasool-Allaah sall Allaahu 'alayhi wa salaam(I bear
witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him)). But this is not prescribed for him in the
adhaan, let alone made obligatory.
5 - It is obligatory for the one who hears the call and responds to it
to send blessings upon him. The listener is enjoined to say what the
muezzin says, which indicates that it is permissible to limit it to
what he says:Ashhadu an laa ilaaha ill-Allaah,Ashhadu anna Muhammadan
rasool-Allaah(I bear witness that there is no god except Allaah, I
bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah).. This is what
the muezzin says. End quote.
Hence in the books of fiqh there is mention of times and places when
it is makrooh to send blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him).
InTuhfat al-Muhtaaj, which is a Shaafa'i book, it says (2/65):
If the worshipper recites or hears a verse in which the name of the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is mentioned, it
is not mustahabb to send blessings upon him, as the author said in a
fatwa (i.e., al-Nawawi). End quote.
Al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar al-Haytami said inal-Fataawa al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kubra(1/131):
There are other ahaadeeth which are similar to the ahaadeeth quoted
above, but we have not seen in them any mention of sending blessings
on him before the adhaan, or when the muezzin saysMuhammad Rasool
Allaahafterwards. We have not seen in the words of our imams any
mention of that either. In that case neither of these two things is
Sunnah in the place mentioned. The one who does one of them, believing
that it is Sunnah in that particular place, should be told not to do
that and prevented from doing it, because it is inserting an idea
without evidence, and the one who do that should be rebuked and told
not to do that. End quote.
InFataawa al-Shaykh Ibn Baaz(10/334) it says:
Similarly, what some people do of adding blessings upon the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to the adhaan when the
muezzin saysLaa ilaaha ill-Allaah, by adding "al-salaah 'ala
al-Nabi(blessings upon the Prophet)," raising their voice with the
adhaan or in the microphone, is not permissible and is also an
innovation (bid'ah). End quote.
But if the listener does that occasionally, not because he thinks it
is obligatory or that it is one of the dhikrs to be recited at that
time or that it is part of repeating the adhaan as prescribed, then we
hope that there is nothing wrong with it, and that does not reach the
point of being bid'ah, in sha Allaah.
And Allaah knows best.
Dought & clear, - Detailed discussion of bid'ah and shirk
This question involves two issues,bid'ah(innovation)
andshirk(polytheism, association of others with Allaah).
A. Bid'ah.
This issue may be divided into three topics:
1. Definition of bid'ah 2. Categories of bid'ah 3.
Rulings on one who commits bid'ah - does that make him a kaafir or
not?
1. Definition of bid'ah.
Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
"According to sharee'ah, the definition is 'Worshipping Allaah in ways
that Allaah has not prescribed.' If you wish you may say, 'Worshipping
Allaah in ways that are not those of the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him) or his rightly guided successors (al-khulafaa'
al-raashidoon).'"
The first definition is taken from the aayah (interpretation of the meaning):
"Or have they partners with Allaah (false gods) who have instituted
for them a religion which Allaah has not ordained?"[al-Shooraa 42:21]
The second definition is taken from the hadeeth of the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him), who said:
"I urge you to adhere to my way (Sunnah) and the way of the
rightly-guided successors (al-khulafa' al-raashidoon) who come after
me. Hold fast to it and bite onto it with your eyeteeth [i.e., cling
firmly to it], and beware of newly-invented matters."
So everyone who worships Allaah in a manner that Allaah has not
prescribed or in a manner that is not in accordance with the way of
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) or his
rightly-guided successors (al-khulafa' al-raashidoon), is an
innovator, whether that innovated worship has to do with the names and
attributes of Allaah, or to do with His rulings and laws.
With regard to ordinary matters of habit and custom, these are not
called bid'ah (innovation) in Islam, even though they may be described
as such in linguistic terms. But they are not innovations in the
religious sense, and these are not the things that the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was warning us against.
And there is no such thing in Islam asbid'ah hasanah(good innovation)."
(Majmoo' Fataawa Ibn 'Uthaymeen, vol. 2, p. 291)
2. Categories of bid'ah
Bid'ah may be divided into two categories:
(i) bid'ah which constituteskufr
(ii) bid'ah which does not constitutekufr
If you ask, what is the definition of bid'ah which constitutes kufr
and that which does not constitute kufr?
The answer is:
Shaykh Haafiz al-Hukami (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: "The kind
of bid'ah which constitutes kufr is when one denies a matter on which
there is scholarly consensus, which widely-known, and which no Muslim
can have any excuse for not knowing, such as denying something that is
obligatory, making something obligatory that is not obligatory, or
making something haraam halaal, or making something halaal haraam; or
believing some notion about Allaah, His Messenger and His Book when
they are far above that, whether in terms of denial of affirmation -
because that means disbelieving in the Qur'aan and in the message with
which Allaah sent His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him).
Examples include the bid'ah of the Jahamiyyah, who denied the
attributes of Allaah; or the notion that the Qur'aan was created; or
the notion that some of the attributes of Allaah were created; or the
bid'ah of the Qadariyyah who denied the knowledge and actions of
Allaah; or the bid'ah of the Mujassimah who likened Allaah to His
creation... etc.
The second category, bid'ah which does not constitute kufr, is defined
as that which does not imply rejection of the Qur'aan or of anything
with which Allaah sent His Messengers.
Examples include the Marwaani bid'ahs (which were denounced by the
greatest Sahaabah who did not approve of them, although they did not
denounce them as kaafirs or refuse to give them bay'ah because of
that), such as delaying some of the prayers until the end of the due
times, doing the Eid khutbah before the Eid prayer, delivering the
khutbah whilst sitting down on Fridays, etc.
(Ma'aarij al-Qubool, 2/503-504)
3- The ruling on one who commits bid'ah - is he regarded as a kaafir or not?
The answer is that it depends.
If the bid'ah constitutes kufr, then the person is one of the
following two types:
(i) Either it is known that his intention is to destroy
the foundations of Islam and make the Muslims doubt it. Such a person
is definitely a kaafir; indeed, he is a stranger to Islam and is one
of the enemies of the faith.
(ii) Or he is deceived and confused; he cannot be
denounced as a kaafir until proof is established against him, fair and
square.
If the bid'ah does not constitute kufr, then he should not be
denounced as a kaafir. Rather, he remains a Muslim, but he has done a
gravely evil action.
If you ask, how should we deal with those who commit bid'ah?
The answer is:
Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
"In both cases, we have to call these people - who claim to be Muslim
but who commit acts of bid'ah which may constitute kufr or may be less
than that - to the truth, by explaining the truth without being
hostile or condemning what they are doing. But once we know that they
are too arrogant to accept the truth - for Allaah says (interpretation
of the meaning),'And insult not those whom they (disbelievers) worship
besides Allaah, lest they insult Allaah wrongfully without knowledge.'
[al-An'aam 6:108]- if we find out that they are stubborn and arrogant,
then we should point out their falsehood, because then pointing out
their falsehood becomes an obligation upon us.
With regard to boycotting them, that depends upon the bid'ah. If it is
a bid'ah which constitutes kufr, then it is obligatory to boycott the
person who does it. If it is of a lesser degree than that, then it is
essential to examine the situation further. If something may be
achieved by boycotting the person, then we do it; if no purpose will
be served by it, or if it will only make him more disobedient and
arrogant, then we should avoid doing that, because whatever serves no
purpose, it is better not to do it. And also in principle it is haraam
to boycott a believer, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) said: 'It is not permissible for a man to forsake
[not speak to] his brother for more than three [days].'"
(Adapted fromMajmoo' Fataawa Ibn 'Uthaymeen, vol. 2, p. 293)
B.Shirk, its types and the definition of each
Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Uthaymeen said:
"Shirkis of two types, majorshirkwhich puts a person beyond the pale
of Islam, and lessershirk."
The first type, major shirk, is "Every type ofshirkwhich the Lawgiver
described as such and which puts a person beyond the pale of his
religion" - such as devoting any kind of act of worship which should
be for Allaah to someone other than Allaah, such as praying to anyone
other than Allaah, fasting for anyone other than Allaah or offering a
sacrifice to anyone other than Allaah. It is also a form of
majorshirkto offer supplication (du'aa') to anyone other than Allaah,
such as calling upon the occupant of a grave or calling upon one who
is absent to help one in some way in which no one is able to help
except Allaah.
The second type is minorshirk, which means every kind of speech or
action that Islam describes asshirk, but it does not put a person
beyond the pale of Islam - such as swearing an oath by something other
than Allaah, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) said that whoever swears an oath by something other than
Allaah is guilty ofkufrorshirk."
The one who swears an oath by something other than Allaah but does not
believe that anyone other than Allaah has the same greatness as Allah,
is amushrikwho is guilty of lessershirk, regardless of whether the one
by whom he swore is venerated by people or not. It is not permissible
to swear by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him),
or by the president, or by the Ka'bah, or by Jibreel, because this
isshirk, but it is minorshirkwhich does not put a person beyond the
pale of Islam.
Another type of minorshirkis showing off, which means that a person
does something so that people will see it, not for the sake of Allaah.
The ways in which showing off may cancel out acts of worship are
either of the following:
The first is when it is applies to an act of worship from the outset,
i.e., the person is not doing that action for any reason other than
showing off. In this case, the action is invalid and is rejected,
because of the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah which was attributed to the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), which says that
Allaah said, "I am so self-sufficient that I am in no need of having
an associate. Thus he who does an action for someone else's sake as
well as Mine will have that action renounced by Me to him whom he
associated with Me."
(Narrated by Muslim,Kitaab al-Zuhd, no. 2985)
The second is when the showing off happens later on during the act of
worship, i.e., the action is originally for Allaah, then showing off
creeps into it. This may be one of two cases:
The first is when the person resists it - this does not harm him.
For example, a man has prayed a rak'ah, then some people come along
during his second rak'ah and it occurs to him to make the rukoo' or
sujood longer, or makes himself weep, and so on. If he resists that,
it does not harm him, because he is striving against this idea. But if
he goes along with that, then every action which stemmed from showing
off is invalid, such as if he made his standing or prostration long,
or he made himself weep - all of those actions will be cancelled out.
But does this invalidation extend to the entire act of worship or not?
We say that either of the following must apply:
Either the end of his act of worship was connected to the beginning
(with no pause); so if the end of it is invalidated then all of it is
invalidated.
This is the case with the prayer - the last part of it cannot be
invalidated without the first part also being invalidated, so the
whole prayer is invalid.
Or if the beginning of the action is separate from the end of it, then
the first part is valid but the latter part is not. Whatever came
before the showing off is valid, and what came after it is not valid.
An example of that is a man who has a hundred riyals, and gives fifty
of them in charity for the sake of Allaah with a sound intention, then
he gives fifty in charity for the purpose of showing off. The first
fifty are accepted, and the second fifty are not accepted, because the
latter is separate from the former."
Majmoo' Fataawa wa Rasaa'il Ibn 'Uthaymeen, andal-Qawl al-Mufeed Sharh
Kitaab al-Tawheed, vol. 1, p. 114, 1stedition
Sunday, 15 June 2014
For children, - Changing of the Qiblah from Baitul-Maqdis to Masjidil Haram
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Qiblah (Qibla or Kiblah) is the direction of the Sacred Mosque of Holy Kaabah (Kaaba) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, toward which Muslims from all over the world turn five times each day when performing the Salat (daily ritual prayer).
Baitul-Maqdis in Jerusalem was the first Qiblah for Muslims before the announcement of present Qiblah at Sacred Mosque of Holy Kaabah (Kaaba) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
When Allah (SWT) first ordered Prophet Mohammed (saw) and all Muslims to offer the daily Salat (Salah), they prayed facing Baitul-Maqdis in Jerusalem, Palestine. This was the practice in Makkah and continued in Medina until the seventeenth month after Hijrah (migration).
At the heart of Jerusalem is the Noble Sanctuary or Al-Haram al-Sharif, enclosing over 35 acres of fountains, gardens, buildings and domes. At its southernmost end is Al-Aqsa Mosque and at its center the celebrated Dome of the Rock. The entire area is regarded as Baitul-Maqdis or Al-Qudus and comprises nearly one sixth of the walled city of Jerusalem.
It is clear that Masjid al-Aqsa and Dome of the Rock (Qubbat as-Sakhra) are two separate buildings, and not synonymous with each other as believed by some Muslims. However, both these buildings are within the enclosure of Al-Haram al-Sharif referred to in Glorious Qur'an as "the Furthest Mosque" in Surah al-Israa (Chapter 17:1).
In Medina, the Jews also said their prayers facing Baitul-Maqdis. They did not like the fact that the Muslims had the same Qiblah as they did, and tried to use this fact to discredit Islam and Prophet Mohammed (saw). They said to the Muslims, "Mohammed claims to have a religion whose laws supersede all other previous laws, yet he does not have an independent Qiblah, and offers his prayers facing the Qiblah of the Jews."
The fools (pagans, hypocrites and Jews) among the people will say: What has turned them (Muslims) from their Qiblah which they had? Say (O Mohammed): The East and the West belong only to Allah; He guides whom He likes to the right path. Glorious Qur'an (2:142)
Prophet Mohammed (saw) prayed facing Jerusalem for sixteen or seventeen months after arriving in Medina. But after received this hurtful news Prophet Mohammed (saw) used to come out at night and look into the sky awaiting the revelation from Allah (SWT) about this matter. The following verse was revealed at this time:
Indeed We see the turning of your [Prophet Mohammed (saw)] face to heaven, so We shall surely turn you to a Qiblah which you shall like; turn then your face towards the Sacred Mosque, and wherever you are, turn your face towards it, and those who have been given the Book (i.e. Jews and the Christians) most surely know that it is the truth from their Lord; and Allah is not at all heedless of what they do. Glorious Qur'an (2:144)
It appears from the above verse of the Glorious Qur'an that change of Qiblah was not due only to the objection of the Jews, but there was also another reason for it. It was that the matter possessed an aspect of test. The intention was that the true believers and those who were not sincere in their faith should be identified and the Prophet Mohammed (saw) should fully recognize such persons, because the second order, in obedience to which he turned his face towards Masjidil Haram, Sacred Mosque of Holy Kaabah (Kaaba), the new Qiblah as chosen by Allah (SWT) while performing prayers, was the sign of faith in the new religion and disobedience and delay is a sign of double-mindedness and hypocrisy. This is confirmed in the following verse of Glorious Qur'an:
And thus We have made you a medium (just) nation that you may be the bearers of witness to the people and (that) the Messenger may be a bearer of witness to you; and We made the Qiblah (prayer direction towards Jerusalem) which you used to face, only to test those who followed the Messenger from those who would turn back upon their heels, and this was surely hard except for those whom Allah has guided aright; and Allah was not going to make your faith (prayers) to be fruitless (i.e. your prayers offered towards Jerusalem); most surely Allah is Affectionate, Merciful to the people. Glorious Qur'an (2:143)
One day, while Prophet Mohammed (saw) and the Muslims were praying together, the command came from Allah to change the Qiblah from Baitul-Maqdis to Sacred Mosque of Holy Kaabah (Kaaba) in Makkah. After Prophet Mohammed (saw) had already completed two Rakaats of the noon prayer in congregation, the Angel Jibraeel (Gabriel) communicated to him the mandatory divine command of Allah (SWT).
Jibraeel (as) held the hand of Prophet Mohammed (saw) and turned him towards Holy Kaabah (Kaaba) in Masjid al-Haram in Makkah. Prophet Mohammed (saw) at once changed his direction in the middle of Salat. Imam Ali (as) followed this change immediately. The other Muslims were confused by this action and only a few followed the example of Imam Ali (as).
The mosque where this happened is known as "Masjid-e-Dhul Qiblatain or Masjid Al-Qiblatain" which means "Mosque with two Qiblah". This is one of the famous and oldest mosques in Islamic history, still exists in Medina today few kilometers from Masjid al-Nabawi. It had two Mihrabs, one Mihrab is facing "Baitul-Maqdis" and the other one is facing "Masjid al-Haram". It was one of the Prophet Mohammed's (saw) miracles that he turned exactly to face the Holy Kaabah (Kaaba) without the use of any scientific instrument or computation.
Share Family Issues, - Guidance for the Muslim Wife - Complete book. (Part 12)
Share GOOD ADVICE
1. It is wrong to tease someone about a past incident. Women have this evil habit of mentioning past incidents of grief and sorrow which have already been forgiven and forgotten. This renews the enmity.
2. Do not complain about the in-laws at home. Some complaints are sinful, show lack of patience and most often increase the enmity on both sides. In the same manner do not praise your family and exalt them in front of your in-laws. This can lead to the sin of pride and arrogance. The in-laws will be perturbed at the behaviour of the daughter-in-law.
3. Do not speak too much as this can result in something unsuitable being uttered.
4. As far as possible do not give your work to others. Do it yourself. In fact do the work of others as well. Not only will you be rewarded but you will be liked by everyone.
5. Neither pay attention nor listen to those women who gossip. Besides this act being sinful these women cause dissension.
6. If you hear any complaint about your mother-in-law, sister- in-law, the wife of your husband's brother or any near or far relative, do not conceal it in your heart. It is better to regard it as a lie and discard it. If you do not have that much courage, face the person who mentioned the complaint to you and clarify the matter so that no corruption spreads.
7. Do not be harsh on the servants. Ensure that your children do not harrass the maid's children because they, out of respect will not say anything verbally but will be hurt within.
8. Appoint a time to teach girls the Quran and books of deen. If books are not easily available, teach them the complete Behishti Zewar (Heavenly Ornaments by Ml. Ashraf Ali Thanwi). Also ensure that they learn some art or craft. However other subjects and arts must only be taught after they have learnt the Quran.
9. Do not make the girls that come to learn by you do any of your housework. Treat them like your own children.
10. Do not take any burden upon yourself for the sake of fame.
11. Be simple and humble in your ways. Wear simple clothing. Do not try and adorn yourself excessively when intending to go out.
12. Do not mention the flaws of a person's family or those of a deceased person. Not only is it sinful, it also causes undue grief.
13. Return someone else's utensil as soon as possibe. Do not mix it with your own utensils but keep it separate, so that it does not get mislaid. It is sinful to use anyone's property without his permission.
14. Do not form a habit of eating lavishly. You may not be able to afford sumptuous meals all the time.
15. Do not forget a person's favour no matter how insignificant and do not boast of your favour no matter how great.
16. The best way to spend your free time is to read a book. Do not read books which have an evil influence.
17. Never raise your voice when speaking. It is shameless for women to let their voices be heard outside.
18. If you wake up at night, do not disturb anyone by making a din. Maintain silence in whatever you are doing.
19. It is disrespectful to laugh at the elders. Do not be too free with young children otherwise they will become disrespectful.
20. If everyone stands up in a gathering, you should not remain seated as this is a sign of pride.
21. Do not praise your family or children in front of anyone.
22. If there is remorse between two people, do not say anything inflammatory to either of them.
23. Do not be harsh.
24. Do not express anger over anyone in front of a guest. The guest will not be at ease as he was before.
25. Be courteous to an enemy as well. His enmity will not increase.
26. Do not let crumbs of bread lie around. Whenever you see some crumbs, clean them and eat them. If you cannot eat them, give them to some animal. If the tablecloth has fragments, do not dust it off where someone walks.
27. After completing a meal do not leave the food and stand up as this is disrespectful. First clear the tablecloth and then get up.
28. Girls should not play habitually with boys because the habits of both become spoilt. If any unknown boy enters the house, the girls should move away from there.
29. Do not scuffle mockingly. Most often it causes frustration and sometimes it can cause an injury. Also do not frequently joke in such a manner that it angers another person.
30. Do not sit at the head-side of an elderly person that is lying down unless you are asked to do so.
31. When you borrow something from someone, safeguard it carefully and return it as soon as you have finished using it. Do not let the person ask you for it. How will he know that you are no longer using it? Secondly, he may not ask you out of consideration. Similarly if you are owing money to someone, pay him as soon as you can.
32. If you have to walk at night, remove the anklets from your legs. Do not let them tinkle whilst walking.
33. If there is only one person in a room and the door is closed, do not suddenly open the door and enter. He may be in the nude or he may be sleeping and will be disturbed. First call out softly and ask permission to enter. Enter only after obtaining permission, otherwise remain silent and leave. If it is something very urgent, call out aloud to wake him up.
34. Do not criticise a nation or town in the presence of someone you do not know. It will be highly embarrassing if he happens to hail from that town or nation.
35. Similarly if you do not know who has done a certain act, do not say "which idiot has done this" or something similar. It will be highly embarrassing if it is someone you know.
36. If your child denies doing any wrong, do not take the side of your child especially in front of him as this will spoil his habit.
37. When marrying your daughters, ensure the piety and religiousness of the boy. A boy with a good religious background will care for his wife properly. However if a person is very wealthy but he is irreligious, he will not know the rights of the wife and will not be loyal to her.
38. Some women have the habit of throwing a pebble towards a person from behind the curtain in order to attract his attention. The pebble can injure someone. Use other means to attract a persons attention without injuring anyone.
39. Mark your clothing with a floral label etc. to prevent the clothing from getting mixed at the cleaners. It is not permissible to take someone else's clothing.
40. There is a custom amongst the Arabs that if a person wants something as a blessing from a pious saint, he will give the saint something and tell him to use it for a few days. In this way the buzurg (saint) does not have any hesitation, otherwise if 20 people ask the saint for something, he will not even have a cloth left for himself. It is a very suitable custom to adopt.
41. If someone makes a statement and you want to contradict it, do not attribute it to someone else who upon hearing what you said will resent it.
42. Do not accuse anyone on mere suspicion without investigating. It can be very distressing.
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